Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)

IPsec is a suite of protocols designed to secure Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and encrypting each IP packet in a data stream. It operates at the network layer, providing security for both IPv4 and IPv6, and is widely used in VPNs, site-to-site tunnels, and secure communication channels. However, its complexity, cryptographic dependencies, and integration with network stack fundamentals make it a prime target for exploitation.